Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 19
Vitamin D levels and their impact on mineral metabolism in HIV infected patients: an exploratory study
Summary
Vitamin D has immunomodulating properties. The nuclear receptor for vitamin D is expressed in several immune cells, which convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to the active form 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D].
Under conditions of infection, 1,25(OH)2 D promotes production of cathelicidin (an antimicrobial peptide) in
monocytes and activated macrophages. In vitro studies have shown the ability of cathelicidin to inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) ...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 18
Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission (Review)
A B S T R A C T
Background: Strategies to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-positive women, exclusive breastfeeding from birth for six weeks plus nevirapine or replacement feeding plus nevirapine from birth for four to six weeks, elective Caesarean section delivery, and avoiding giving children chewed food. In some settings, these interventions may not be practical, feasible, or affordable. Simple, ...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 17
Vitamin A and D deficiencies associated with incident tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in multinational case-cohort study
Abstract
Introduction—Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized.
Methods—We conducted a case-cohort study (n=332) within a randomized trial comparing three ART regimens in 1571 HIV treatment-n...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 16
The mTOR complex controls HIV Latency
SUMMARY
A population of CD4 T lymphocytes harboring latent HIV genomes can persist in patients on antiretroviral therapy, posing a barrier to HIV eradication. To examine cellular complexes controlling HIV latency, we conducted a genome-wide screen with a pooled ultracomplex shRNA library and in vitro system modeling HIV latency and identified the mTOR complex as a modulator of HIV latency. Knockdown of mTOR complex subunits or pharmacological inhibition of mTOR activity suppresses reversal of latency in various HIV-1 latency models and HIV-infe...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 15
The Interaction between HIV and Intestinal Helminth Parasites Coinfection with Nutrition among Adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
In South Africa few studies have examined the effects of the overlap of HIV and helminth infections on nutritional status. This cross-sectional study investigated the interaction between HIV and intestinal helminths coinfection with nutritional status among KwaZulu-Natal adults. Participants were recruited from a comprehensive primary health care clinic and stratified based on their HIV, stool parasitology, IgE, and IgG4 results into four groups: the ...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 14
The association of fat and lean tissue with whole body and spine bone mineral density is modified by HIV status and sex in children and youth
Abstract
Background—HIV-infected (HIV-pos) male children/youth showed lower bone mineral density at sexual maturity than HIV-uninfected (HIV-neg) females. It is not known whether complications of HIV disease, including abnormal body fat distribution, contribute to lower bone accrual in male HIV-pos adolescents.
Methods—In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the relationship between body composition (fat and lean mass) and bone mass in ...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 13
Possible association between the stage of HIV disease, antiretroviral treatment and the nutrient composition of breast milk in the Mangaung area, South Africa
Introduction: In South Africa where replacement feeding may not be affordable, feasible or sustainable, HIV-infected women are recommended to exclusively breastfeed their infants during the first six months of life. The question arises whether HIV disease progression and its metabolic impact on the mother will affect the nutrient composition of breast milk. The aim was to determine the possible association between HIV disease ...
Nutrição e HIV – Artigo 12
Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and LipidBased Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIVInfected Malawian Women
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the influence of antiretroviral therapy with or without micronutrient supplementation on the micronutrient concentrations of HIV-infected lactating women in resource-constrained settings.
Objective: We examined associations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with concentrations of selected micronutrients in HIV-infected Malawian women at 24 ...
