Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 18
Vitamin B12 deficiency and impaired expression of amnionless during aging
Abstract
Background: Physical frailty and loss of mobility in elderly individuals lead to reduced independence, quality of life, and increased mortality. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to several age-related chronic diseases, including in the musculo-skeletal system, where vitamin B12 deficiency is generally believed to be linked to poor nutritional intake. In the present study, we asked whether aging and frailty associate with altered vitamin B12 homeostasis in humans and investigated the underlying ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 17
TOR-mediated regulation of metabolism in aging
Summary
Cellular metabolism is regulated by the mTOR kinase, a key component of the molecular nutrient sensor pathway that plays a central role in cellular survival and aging. The mTOR pathway promotes protein and lipid synthesis and inhibits autophagy, a process known for its contribution to longevity in several model organisms. The nutrient-sensing pathway is regulated at the lysosomal membrane by a number of proteins for which deficiency triggers widespread aging phenotypes in tested animal models. In response to environmental ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 16
The influence of vitamins E and C and exercise on brain aging
Abstract
Age-related declines in motor and cognitive function have been associated with increases in oxidative stress. Accordingly, interventions capable of reducing the oxidative burden would be capable of preventing or reducing functional declines occurring during aging. Popular interventions such as antioxidant intake and moderate exercise are often recommended to attain healthy aging and have the capacity to alter redox burden. This review is intended to summarize the outcomes of antioxidant supplementation (more ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 15
Serum Tocopherol Levels and Vitamin E Intake are Associated with Lung Function in the Normative Aging Study
Abstract
Background and Aims—The results of studies assessing relationships between vitamin E intake and status and lung function are conflicting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E intake and serum levels of tocopherol isoforms on lung function in a cross-sectional sample of 580 men from the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal aging study.
Methods—Regression models were used to look at associations of serum tocopherol isoform levels and vitamin E ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 14
Regulation of metabolic health and aging by nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways
Abstract
All organisms need to be capable of adapting to changes in the availability and composition of nutrients. Over 75 years ago, researchers discovered that a calorie restricted (CR) diet could significantly extend the lifespan of rats, and since then a CR diet has been shown to increase lifespan and healthspan in model organisms ranging from yeast to non-human primates. In this review, we discuss the effects of a CR diet on metabolism and healthspan, and highlight emerging evidence that suggests ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 13
Proteostasis, oxidative stress and aging
ABSTRACT
The production of reactive species is an inevitable by-product of metabolism and thus, life itself. Since reactive
species are able to damage cellular structures, especially proteins, as the most abundant macromolecule of
mammalian cells, systems are necessary which regulate and preserve a functional cellular protein pool, in a
process termed “proteostasis”. Not only the mammalian protein pool is subject of a constant turnover, organelles
are also degraded and rebuild. The most important systems for these removal processes are the ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 12
Nutritional Considerations for Healthy Aging and Reduction in Age-Related Chronic Disease
ABSTRACT
A projected doubling in the global population of people aged $60 y by the year 2050 has major health and economic implications, especially in developing regions. Burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification, including diet. However, as adults age they become at risk of “nutritional frailty,” which can compromise their ability to meet nutritional requirements at a time when ...
Nutrição e Envelhecimento – Artigo 11
Nutrition and other Lifestyle Influences on Arterial Aging
Abstract
As our world’s population ages, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will become an increasingly urgent public health problem. A key antecedent to clinical CVD and many other chronic disorders of aging is age-related arterial dysfunction, characterized by increased arterial stiffness and impaired arterial endothelial function. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that diet and nutrition may favorably modulate these arterial functions with aging, but many important questions remain. In this review, we will summarize the ...
