Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health
Abstract | The discovery of reciprocal connections between the central nervous system, sleep and the immune system has shown that sleep enhances immune defences and that afferent signals from immune cells promote sleep. One mechanism by which sleep is proposed to provide a survival advantage is in terms of supporting a neurally integrated immune system that might anticipate injury and infectious threats. However, in modern times, ...
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
Although intermittent increases in inflammation are critical for survival during physical injury and infection, recent research has revealed that certain social, environmental and lifestyle factors can promote systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) that can, in turn, lead to several diseases that collectively represent the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes ...
From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing
For several decades, understanding ageing and the processes that limit lifespan have challenged biologists. Thirty yearsago, the biology of ageing gained unprecedented scientific credibility through the identification of gene variants that extend the lifespan of multicellular model organisms. Here we summarize the milestones that mark this scientific triumph, discuss different ageing pathways and processes, and suggest ...
Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids
Abstract: Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome ...
NF‑κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age
Abstract | Fourteen years have passed since nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) was first shown to serve as a molecular lynchpin that links persistent infections and chronic inflammation to increased cancer risk. The young field of inflammation and cancer has now come of age, and inflammation has been recognized by the broad cancer research community as a hallmark and cause of cancer. Here, we discuss how the initial discovery of a role ...
Early Life Stress, Air Pollution, Inflammation, and Disease: An Integrative Review and Immunologic Model of SocialEnvironmental Adversity and Lifespan Health
Abstract
Socially disadvantaged individuals are at greater risk for simultaneously being exposed to adverse social and environmental conditions. Although the mechanisms underlying joint effects remain unclear, one hypothesis is that toxic social and environmental exposures have synergistic effects on inflammatory processes that ...
The Contribution of Inflammation to the Development of Hypertension Mediated by Increased Arterial Stiffness
Background-—The mechanisms underlying the possible contribution of chronic inflammation to the development of hypertension remain unclear. We examined the longitudinal association of inflammation with the progression of vascular and/or renal abnormalities in the development of hypertension.
Methods and Results-—In 3274 middle-aged Japanese men without hypertension at the study ...
The multiple pathways to autoimmunity
Efforts to understand autoimmunity have been pursued relentlessly for several decades. It has become apparent that the immune system evolved multiple mechanisms for controlling self-reactivity, and defects in one or more of these mechanisms can lead to a breakdown of tolerance. Among the multitude of lesions associated with disease, the most common seem to affect peripheral tolerance rather than central tolerance. The initial trigger for both systemic ...
