Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 19
Western diets, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases: Are they linked?
ABSTRACT
Obesity afflicts 36.5% of the US population and 600 million individuals world-wide. Thus, it is imperative to understand the risk factors underlying metabolic disease including diet, activity level, sleep, and genetics. Another key contributory factor is the gut microbiota given its widely reported role in the development of metabolic disease. The gut microbiota, particularly its structure and function, is heavily influenced by Western style diets rich in a complex mixture of fats and high in simple ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 18
Vitamin D Deficiency Promotes Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Intestinal Inflammation
Background. Vitamin D, an important modulator of the immune system, has been shown to protect mucosal
barrier homeostasis. This study investigates the effects of vitamin D deficiency on infection-induced changes in
intestinal epithelial barrier function in vitro and on Citrobacter rodentium–induced colitis in mice.
Methods. Polarized epithelial Caco2-bbe cells were grown in medium with or without vitamin D and challenged
with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Barrier function and tight ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 17
Understanding the Representative Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Metformin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling
Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome composition may be promoted by therapeutic drugs such as metformin, the world’s most prescribed antidiabetic drug. Under metformin treatment, disturbances of the intestinal microbes lead to increased abundance of Escherichia spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Subdoligranulum variabile and decreased abundance of Intestinibacter bartlettii. This alteration may potentially lead to adverse effects on the host ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 16
Transglutaminases in Dysbiosis As Potential Environmental Drivers of Autoimmunity
Protein-glutamine g-glutamyltransferases (transglutaminases, Tgs) belong to the class of transferases. They catalyze the formation of an isopeptide bond between the acyl group at the end of the side chain of protein- or peptide-bound glutamine residues and the first order +-amine groups of protein- or peptide-bound lysine. The Tgs are considered to be universal protein cross-linkers, and they play an essential role in a number of human diseases. In this review, we discuss mainly the bacterial Tgs ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 15
Suppression of gut dysbiosis reverses Western diet-induced vascular dysfunction
Battson ML, Lee DM, Jarrell DK, Hou S, Ecton KE, Weir TL, Gentile CL. Suppression of gut dysbiosis reverses Western dietinduced vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 314: E468–E477, 2018. First published December 26, 2017; doi:10.1152/ ajpendo.00187.2017.—Vascular dysfunction represents a critical preclinical step in the development of cardiovascular disease. We examined the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesityrelated vascular dysfunction. Male C57BL/6J mice were ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 14
Regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 sensitivity by gut microbiota dysbiosis
It has been reported that L-arginine is a GLP-1 secretagogue, and that improvement of glucose tolerance by oral
L-arginine administration is dependent on GLP-1R signaling5. Interestingly, in HFD fed mice with severe GLP-1 resistance, glucose-induced insulin secretion was increased by acute and chronic treatment with L-arginine, a substrate of nNOS, suggesting improved GLP-1 sensitivity. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that
L-arginine supplementation might benefit glucose tolerance by ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 13
Prebiotic and Probiotic Regulation of Bone Health: Role of the Intestine and its Microbiome
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of how the intestinal microbiome contributes to health and disease have generated great interest in developing strategies for modulating the abundance of microbes and/or their activity to improve overall human health and prevent pathologies such as osteoporosis. Bone is an organ that the gut has long been known to regulate through absorption of calcium, the key bone mineral. However, it is clear that modulation of the gut and its microbiome can affect ...
Nutrição e Disbiose – Artigo 12
Potential role of the intestinal microbiota in programming health and disease
The composition of the microbiota varies according to prenatal events, delivery methods, infant feeding, infant care environment, and antibiotic use. Postnatal gut function and immune development are largely influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Emerging evidence has shown that early microbiota colonization may influence the occurrence of later diseases (microbial programming). The vast majority of microbial species (commensals) give rise to symbiotic host–bacterial interactions that are fundamental ...
